Following completion of Chapter 12, students should be able to:

1. Identify and describe the various processes used to control iron and manganese.
2. Collect samples for analysis of iron and manganese.
3. Safely operate and maintain the following iron and manganese control processes:
   1. Phosphate treatment
   2. Ion exchange
   3. Oxidation by aeration
   4. Oxidation with chlorine
   5. Oxidation with permanganate
   6. Greensand
   7. Proprietary processes
4. Troubleshoot red water problems.

The main purpose of this chapter is to teach operators how to safely operate and maintain iron and manganese control processes.

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