Following completion of Chapter 7, students should be able to:

1. List the reasons for measuring flows.
2. Identify the conditions for measuring flows in open channels.
3. Describe the various types of open-channel flowmeters.
4. Select the appropriate instrumentation for open-channel flow measurements.
5. Determine the accuracy of open-channel flowmeters.
6. Identify the various types of closed-pipe flow metering systems.
7. Describe flow-proportioned pacing of automatic samplers.
8. List approximate measurement methods.

The main purpose of this chapter is to acquaint inspectors with the various types of flowmeters, their limitations, and factors that could produce inaccurate results.

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